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あまり知られていないRuby
の便利機能
Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA
鹿児島Ruby会議01
2019/11/30
株式会社Ruby開発
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自己紹介
西山 和広
Ruby のコミッター
twitter, github など: @znz
株式会社Ruby開発 www.ruby-dev.jp
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String#undump
String#dump ⇄ String#undump
since ruby 2.5
String#dump ≠ String#inspect
String#undump ≠ eval
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Hash#transform_*
convert from Hash to Hash
Hash#transform_values{|v|...}
since ruby 2.4
Hash#transform_keys{|k|...}
since ruby 2.5
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Hash#to_h with block
Hash#to_h{|k,v|...}
with block since ruby 2.6
without block since ruby 2.0.0
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warn with uplevel:
old: warn "#{caller(1, 1)[0]}:
warning: message"
new: warn "message", uplevel: 1
since ruby 2.5
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abort(message)
abort("failed message")
≒ warn("failed message");
exit(false)
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rand(range)
rand(range)
rand(1..6)
since ruby 1.9.3
NG: rand(endless_range)
rand(1..)
Errno::EDOM (Numerical argument out
of domain)
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String.new
String.new.encoding → ASCII-8BIT
String.new(encoding: 'euc-
jp').encoding → EUC-JP
''.dup → UTF-8 (script encoding)
+'' → UTF-8 (script encoding)
''.+@ (for method chain)
(useful with frozen string literal)
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String#gsub(pattern,
hash)
string.gsub(/['&"<>]/, {
"'" => ''',
'&' => '&',
'"' => '"',
'<' => '<',
'>' => '>',
})
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Regexp.union
Regexp.union
#=> /(?!)/
Regexp.union("penzance") #=> /penzance/
Regexp.union("a+b*c")
#=> /a\+b\*c/
Regexp.union("skiing", "sledding")
Regexp.union(["skiing", "sledding"])
#=> /skiing|sledding/
Regexp.union(/dogs/, /cats/i)
#=> /(?-mix:dogs)|(?i-mx:cats)/
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String#*_with?
"hello".start_with?("hell")
"hello".start_with?(/H/i)
#=> true
#=> true
# returns true if one of the prefixes matches.
"hello".start_with?("heaven", "hell")
#=> true
"hello".start_with?("heaven", "paradise") #=> false
"hello".end_with?("ello")
#=> true
# returns true if one of the +suffixes+ matches.
"hello".end_with?("heaven", "ello")
#=> true
"hello".end_with?("heaven", "paradise") #=> false
NG: starts_with?, ends_with?
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String#{prepend,delet
e_prefix,delete_suffix,c
homp,chop}
"end".prepend("prep")
#=> "prepend"
"prefix".delete_prefix("pre") #=> "fix"
"suffix".delete_suffix("fix") #=> "suf"
"suffix".chomp("fix") #=> "fix"
"hello\r\n".chomp #=> "hello"
"hello\r\n".chop
#=> "hello"
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String#{delete,tr}
"hello".delete "l","lo"
#=> "heo"
"hello".delete "lo"
#=> "he"
"hello".delete "aeiou", "^e"
#=> "hell"
"hello".delete "ej-m"
#=> "ho"
"hello".tr('el', 'ip')
#=> "hippo"
"hello".tr('a-y', 'b-z')
#=> "ifmmp"
"hello".tr('^aeiou', '*')
#=> "*e**o"
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参考文献
リファレンスマニュアル
https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/
間違いなどを見つけたら
https://github.com/rurema/doctree
もっと気軽に確認したいなら
https://ruby-jp.github.io/
ruby-jp Slack の #rurema など
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![](9.png "String#gsub(pattern,
hash)
string.gsub(/['&\"<>]/, {
\"'\" => ''',
'&' => '&',
'\"' => '"',
'<' => '<',
'>' => '>',
})
9/14")
![](mini-9.png "String#gsub(pattern,
hash)
string.gsub(/['&\"<>]/, {
\"'\" => ''',
'&' => '&',
'\"' => '"',
'<' => '<',
'>' => '>',
})
9/14")
